Conference email:
   pdc98@cpsr.org

This list aims to include articles and books that will be available through the library system. This initial version of the bibliography omits references to papers in conference proceedings. We will be developing a list of conferences at which Participatory Design has been an important theme. The programs for previous PDCs can be accessed through the PDC Background page.

Please submit additions for the list or comments or notes on existing entries that could be included in the annotated version.

If you like challenges, you may also download the bibliography in EndNote 2 format . [Your browser will probably want to treat this as a text file if it doesn't recognize the '.enl' file type as a binary file. If so, you then must force your browser to save the file to your computer. On a PC, the name must end with '.enl'. On a Macintosh, first open EndNote, then press the shift key while selecting 'open' from the file menu to select the library.]

Disclaimer:  This compilation represents contributions from a diverse group of people and in no way constitutes a "core" or "approved" list of publications. Some good candidates for the list are likely missing. Please send your comments.

Participatory Design References sorted alphabetically (September 24, 1998):

Allen, Christina (1993). Reciprocal Evolution as a Strategy for Integrating Basic Research, Design, and Studies of Work Practice. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. Douglas Schuler and Aki Namioka. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 239-253.

AML (1977). Law of Workers' Protection and Working Environment (Lov om arbeidervern og arbeidsmiljø): Arbeidsmiljøloven, Oslo.

Andersen, Kim Viborg and Kenneth L. Kraemer (1994). "Information technology and transitions in the public service: A comparision of Scandinavia and the United States." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (1): 3-24.

Andersen, Niels Erik, Finn Kensing, Jette Lundin, Lars Mathiassen, Andreas Munk-Madsen, Monika Rasbech and Pål Sørgaard (1990). Professional Systems Development: Experience, ideas and action. New York: Prentice Hall.

Andersen, Peter Bøgh and Berit Holmqvist (1991). Language, Perspectives, and Design. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Joan Greenbaum and Morten Kyng. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 91-119.

Asaro, P. M. (1996). Transforming Society by Transforming Technology: The Science and Politics of Participatory Design. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Bailey, R.W. (1983). Human Error in Computer Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Balka, E. (1997). "Participatory Design in Women's Organizations: The Social World of Organizational Structure and Gendered Nature of Expertise." Gender, Work and Organizations 4 (2 (April)): 99-115.

Bannon, Liam and Susanne Bødker (1991). Beyond the interface: Encountering artifacts in use. Designing Interaction: Psychological theory at the human-computer interface. Jack Carroll. New York: Cambridge University Press: 227-253.

Bedriftsklubben ved A/S Hydraulik, Brattvåg, Olav Terje Bergo and Kristen Nygaard (1974). Bedriftspolitisk handlingsprogram for bedriftsklubben ved A/S Hydraulik, Brattvåg (Operations political action program for the operations club at A/S Hydraulik, Brattvåg). Oslo, Norway: Tiden Norsk Forlag.

Begg, Vivienne (1985). Developing Expert Systems for CAD. New York: Unipub.

Bergo, Olav Terje and Kristen Nygaard (1974). Planlegging, styring og databehandling: Grunnbok for fagbevegelsen, Del 1 Innføring (Planning, control and data handling: Textbook for the trade unions, Part 1 Initiation). Oslo, Norway: Tiden Norsk Forlag.

Beyer, Hugh and Karen Holtzblatt (1997). Contextual Design: A Customer-Centered Approach to Systems Designs: Morgan Kaufman.

Bjerknes, Gro (1991). "Dialectical reflection in information systems development." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 3 : 55-77.

Bjerknes, Gro and Tone Bratteteig (1987). Florence in Wonderland: System development with nurses. Computers and Democracy - A Scandinavian Challenge. Gro Bjerknes, Pelle Ehn and Morten Kyng. Aldershot, England: Avebury: 279-295.

Bjerknes, Gro and Tone Bratteteig (1987). Perspectives on description tools and techniques in system development. System design for human development and productivity: Participation and beyond. P. Docherty, K. Fuchs-Kittowski, P. Kolm and L. Mathiassen. Amsterdam: North-Holland: 319-330.

Bjerknes, Gro and Tone Bratteteig (1995). "User participation and democracy: A discussion of Scandinavian research on system development." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 7 (1): 73-98.

Bjerknes, Gro, Tone Bratteteig and Trym Espeseth (1991). "Evolution of finished computer systems: The dilemma of enhancement." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 3 : 25-45.

Bjerknes, Gro, Pelle Ehn and Morten Kyng, Eds. (1987). Computers and Democracy - A Scandinavian Challenge. Aldershot, England: Avebury.

Bjorn-Andersen, N. (1988). "Are "Human Factors" Human?" The Computer Journal 31 : 386-390.

Blomberg, Jeanette, J. Giacomi, Andrea Mosher and Pat Swenton-Wall (1993). Ethnographic Field Methods and their Relation to Design. Participatory Design: Perspectives on Systems Design. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 123-154.

Blomberg, Jeanette, Finn Kensing and Elizabeth Dykstra-Erickson, Eds. (1996). PDC'96: Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference. Palo Alto, CA: Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility.

Blomberg, Jeanette, Lucy Suchman and Randall Trigg (1996). "Reflections on a Work-Oriented Design Project." Human-Computer Interaction 11 (3): 237-265.

Blomberg, Jeanette, Lucy Suchman and Randall Trigg (1997). Back to Work: Renewing Old Agendas for Cooperative Design. Computers and Design in Context. Morten Kyng and Lars Mathiassen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press: 267-287.

Boal, A. (1992). Games for Actors and Non-Actors. London: Routledge.

Bødker, Keld and Finn Kensing (1994). "Design in an organizational context: An experiment." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (1): 47-68.

Bødker, Susanne (1991). Through the Interface ­ a Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bødker, Susanne (1996). "Creating conditions for participation - Conflicts and resources in systems development." Human-Computer Interaction 11 (3): 215-236.

Bødker, Susanne, Pelle Ehn, J. Kammersgaard, Morten Kyng and Yngve Sundblad (1987). A UTOPIAN Experience: On Design of Powerful Computer-Based Tools for Skilled Graphical Workers. Computers and Democracy - A Scandinavian Challenge. Gro Bjerknes, Pelle Ehn and Morten Kyng. Aldershot, England: Avebury: 251-278.

Bødker, S., J. Greenbaum and M. Kyng (1991). Setting the Stage for Design as Action. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. J. Greenbaum and M. Kyng. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bødker, Susanne and Kaj Grønbæk (1991). Design in Action: From Prototyping by Demonstration to Cooperative Prototyping. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Joan Greenbaum and Morten Kyng. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 197-218.

Bødker, Susanne, Kaj Grønbæk and Morten Kyng (1993). Cooperative design: Techniques and experiences from the Scandinavian scene. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 157-175.

Bowker, Geoffrey C., Susan Leigh Star, William Turner and Les Gasser, Eds. (1997). Social Science, Technical Systems and Cooperative Work: Beyond the Great Divide. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Brand, Stewart (1994). How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built. New York: Viking.

Bratteteig, T. (1994). NetWORKing: Participation and Power. NetWORKing: Connecting Workers In and Between Organizations, IFIP Transactions A-38. A. Clement, P. Kolm and I. Wagner. Amsterdam: North-Holland: 29-34.

Brun-Cottan, Francoise and Patricia Wall (1995). "Using Video to Re-Present the User." Communications of the ACM 38 (5): 61-71.

Budde, R., K. Kuhlenkamp, L. Mathiassen and H. Zullighoven, Eds. (1984). Approaches to Prototyping. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Budde, Reinhard and Heinz Züllighoven (1992). Software tools in a programming workshop. Software development and reality construction. Christiane Floyd, Heinz Züllighoven, Reinhard
Budde and Reinhard Keil-Slawik. Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 252-268.

Butler, B., K. Welker and P. Chan (1992). Inventing a New Kind of Lunch Kit: A case for collaborative research and design. Worthington, OH: Fitch Richardson-Smith.

Carroll, John M. (1996). "Encountering Others: Reciprocal Openings In Participatory Design And User-Centered Design." Human-Computer Interaction 11 : 285-290.

Checkland, P. (1984). Rethinking a Systems Approach. Rethinking the Process of Operational Research and Systems Analysis. R. Tomlinson and I. Kiss. Oxford: Pergamon.

Cherkasky, Todd Darryl (1995). "Human Costs of Expert Systems." IEEE Technology and Society 14 (1 Spring): 10-20.

Clausen, Hasse (1994). "Designing computer systems from a human perspective: The use of narratives." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (2): 43-58.

Cohill, A. (1989). The Human Factors Design Process in Software Development. Designing and Using Human-Computer Interfaces and Knowledge-Based Systems. G. Salvendy and M.J. Smith. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Cotton, J.L., D.A. Vollrath, K.L. Froggatt, M.L. Lengnick-Hall and K.R. Jennings (1988). "Employee Participation: Diverse Forms and Different Outcomes." Academy of Management Review 13 (1): 8-22.

Dahlbom, Bo and Lars Mathiassen (1993). Computers in Context: The Philosophy and Practice of Systems Design. Oxford: Blackwell.

Dahlbom, Bo and Lars Mathiassen (1997). "The future of our profession." Communications of the ACM 40 (6): 80-89.

Dankbaar, Ben and Rob van Tulder (1992). The influence of users in standardization:

The case of MAP. New Technology at the Outset: Social Forces in the Shaping of Technological Innovations. Meinholf Dierkes and Ute Hoffman. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.

Dasgupta, S. (1996). "A Decision Support System for Architects Based on Participatory Tools for Community Design." Environment and Urbanization 8 (October): 201-212.

De Cindio, F. and C. Simone (1989). A framework for understanding (women's) work and its computerization. Women, Work, and Computerization: Forming New Alliances. K. Tijdens, M. Jennings, I. Wagner and M. Weggelaar. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Druin, A. and C. Solomon (1996). Designing Multimedia Environemnts for Children. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Dykstra, E.A. and R. Carasik (1990). "Structure and Support in Cooperative Environments: The Amsterdam Conversation Environment." International Journal of Man Machine Studies 34 (3): 419-434.

Ehn, Pelle (1989). Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ehn, Pelle (1993). Scandinavian design: On participation and skill. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 41-77.

Ehn, P. and M. Kyng (1987). The Collective Resource Approach to Systems Design. Computers and Democracy: A Scandinavian Challenge. G. Bjerknes, P. Ehn and M. Kyng. Brookfield, VT: Gower: 17-58.

Ehn, P. and M. Kyng (1991). Cardboard computers: Mocking-it-up or hands-on the future. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. J. Greenbaum and M. Kyng. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ehn, P. and D. Sjogren (1991). From System Descriptions to Scripts for Action. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. J. Greenbaum and M. Kyng. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates.

Emery, Merrelyn, Ed. (1993). Participative Design for Participative Democracy. Canberra, Australia: Centre for Continuing Education, The Australian National University, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, Australia 2601.

Emspak, Frank (1993). Workers, unions, and new technology. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 13-26.

Engelstad, Per H. (1995). The development organization as communicative instrumentation. Beyond theory: Changing organizations through participation. Stephen Toulmin, Bjørn Gustavsen and John Benjamins. Amsterdam: ??: ??-??

Engeström, Yrjö, Jaakko Virkkunen, Merja Helle, Juha Pihlaja and Ritva Poikela (1996). The Change Laboratory as a tool for transforming work. Lifelong Learning in Europe. 1996: 10-17.

Flensburg, P, Friis S. (1999). Mänskligare datasystem - utveckling, användning och principer. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Floyd, C. (1987). Outline of a Paradigm Change in Software Engineering. Computers and Democracy. G. Bjerknes, P. Ehn and M. Kyng. Brookfield, VT: Gower.

Floyd, Christiane, Wolf-Michael Mehl, Fanny-Michaela Reisin, Gerhard Schmidt and Gregor Wolf (1989). "Out of Scandinavia: Alternative Approaches to Software Design and System Development." Human-Computer Interaction 4 (4): 253-350.

Foray, Dominique (1995). Coalitions and Committees: How users get involved in information technology (IT) standards. Standards, Innovation and Competitiveness: The Politics and Economics of Standards in Natural and Technical Environments. Richard Hawkins, Robin Mansell and Jim Skea: Edward Elgar.

Friedman, Batya (1997). "User autonomy: Who should control what and when?" SIGCHI Bulletin 30 (1): 26-29.

Galliers, R.D. (1985). In Search of a Paradigm for Information Systems Research. Research Methods in Information Systems. E. Mumford. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Gärtner, Johannes and Ina Wagner (1996). "Mapping Actors and Agendas: Political frameworks of systems design and participation." Human-Computer Interaction 11 (3): 187-214.

Goodin, Robert E., Ed. (1996). The Theory of Institutional Design. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Gould, John D., Stephen J. Boies and Clayton Lewis (1991). "Making usable, useful, productivity-enhancing computer applications." Communications of the ACM 34 (1): 74-85.

Greenbaum, Joan (1993). A design of one's own: Towards Participatory Design in the United States. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 27-37.

Greenbaum, Joan and Morten Kyng, Eds. (1991). Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Greenbaum, Joan and Kim Halskov Madsen (1993). Small Changes: Starting a participatory design process by giving participants a voice. Participatory Design: Perspectives on Systems Design. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 289-298.

Grønbæk, K. (1989). "Rapid Prototyping with Fourth Generation Systems: An empirical study." Office: Technology and People 5 (2): 105-125.

Grønbæk, Kaj, Jonathan Grudin, Susanne Bødker and Liam Bannon (1993). Achieving cooperative system design: Shifting from a product to a process focus. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 79-97.

Grønbæk, K., M. Kyng and P. Mogensen (1993). "CSCW Challenges: Cooperative Design in Engineering Projects." Communications of the ACM 36 (6): 67-77.

Grønbæk, Kaj and Randall H. Trigg (forthcoming). From web to workplace: Designing open hypermedia systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Grudin, Jonathan (1993). Obstacles to participatory design in large product development organizations. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 99-119.

Hakken, David (1993). "Computing and Social Change: New Technology and Workplace Transformation, 1980-90." Annual Review of Anthropology 22 : 107-132.

Hakken, David (1995). "Not by Curbcuts Alone: New Technology for People with Disabilities." Science as Culture 21 : 502-34.

Hakken, David (1996). "The Cultural and Social Correlates of Advanced Information Technology: A Working List of Priority Research Issues." Social Science Computer Review 14 (1): 39-43.

Hakken, David and Barbara Andrews (1993). Computing Myths, Class Realities: An Ethnography of Technology and Working People in Sheffield, England. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Harker, S. (1988). "The Use of Prototyping and Simulation in the Development of IT Large-Scale Applications." The Computer Journal 31 : 420-425.

Henderson, A. and M. Kyng (1991). There's No Place Like Home: Continuing design in use. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer System. J. Greenbaum and M. Kyng. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Henderson, Kathryn (1998). "The Role of Material Objects in the Design Process: A Comparison of Two Design Cultures and How They Contend with Automation." Science, Technology, & Human Values 23 (2): 139-74.

Holmqvist, Berit (1989). "Work, Language and Perspective: An empirical investigation of the interpretation of a computer-based information system." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 1 : 72-96.

Holtzblatt, Karen and Sandra Jones (1993). Contextual Inquiry: A participatory technique for system design. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 177-210.

Howard, R. (1985). "Utopia: Where Workers Craft New Technology." Technology Review 88 (3): 42-49.

Imada, A.S. (1991). The Rationale and Tools of Participatory Ergonomics. Participatory Ergonomics. K. Noro and A.S. Imada. London: Taylor and Francis.

Imada, A.S. and K. Noro (1986). Participatory Ergonomics: Methods for Improving Individual and Organizational Effectiveness. Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management - II. O. Brown, Jr. and H.W. Hendrick. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Jakobs, Kai, Rob Procter and Robin Williams (1996). "Users and Standardization: Worlds Apart? The example of electronic mail." StandardView 4 (4): 183-191.

Johansen, R. and E. Baker (1984). "User Needs Workshops: A new approach to anticipating user needs for advanced office systems." Office: Technology and People 2 : 103-119.

Jorgensen, A.H. (1989). Using the Think-Aloud Method in System Development. Designing and Using Human Computer Interfaces and Knowledge-Based Systems. G. Salvendy and M.J. Smith. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Jorgensen, A.H. and A. Sauer (1990). The Personal Touch: A study of users' customization practice. Human-Computer Interaction: INTERACT'90. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Jorgenson, A.H. (1984). On the Psychology of Prototyping. Approaches to Prototyping. Budde, Kuhlenkamp, Mathiassen and Zullighoven. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Jungk, R. and N. Mullert (1987). Future Workshops: How to Create Desirable Futures. London: Institute for Social Invention.

Kaner, Sam, Lenny Lind, Catherine Toldi, Sara Fisk and Duane Berger (1996). Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Decision-Making. Berkeley, CA: New Society Publishers.

Karasek, B. and T Theorell (1990). Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life. New York: Basic Books.

Kautz, Karl (1996). "User Participation And Participatory Design: Topics In Computing Education." Human-Computer Interaction 11 : 267-284.

Kautz, Karlheinz and Tom McMaster (1994). "Introducing structured methods: An undelivered promise? A case study." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (2): 59-78.

Keen, P. and L.A. Woodman (1984). "What to do with all those Macros." Harvard Business Review 84 (5): 142-151.

Kensing, Finn and Kim Halskov Madsen (1991). Generating Visions: Future workshops and metaphorical design. Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Joan Greenbaum and Morten Kyng. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 155-168.

Kensing, Finn and Jesper Simonsen (1997). "Using ethnography in contextual design." Communications of the ACM 40 (7): 82-88.

Kjaer, Arne and Kim Halskov Madsen (1995). "Participatory analysis of flexibility." Communications of the ACM 38 (5): 53-60.

Kling, Rob, Ed. (1996). Computerization and Controversy: Value Conflicts and Social Choices: Academic Press.

Korpela, Mikko, H. A. Soriyan, K. C. Olufokunbi, A. A. Onayade, Anita Davies-Adetugbo and Duro Adesanmi (1998). "Community participation in health informatics in Africa: An experiment in tripartite partnership in Ile-Ife, Nigeria." Computer Supported Cooperative Work 7 (2-3).

Kraft, Philip and Jørgen P. Bansler (1994). "The Collective Resource Approach: The Scandinavian experience." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (1): 71-84.

Kraft, Philip and Jørgen P. Bansler (1994). "Privilege and invisibility in the new work order: A reply to Kyng." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (1): 97-106.

Kramarae, Cheris, Ed. (1988). Technology and Women's Voices : Keeping in touch. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Kuorinka, I., M. M. Cote and R. Baril (1994). "Participation in Workplace Design with reference to Low Back Pain: A case for the improvement of the police patrol car." Ergonomics 37 (July): 1131-6.

Kyng, Morten (1989). "Designing for a Dollar a Day." Office: Technology and People 4 : 157-170.

Kyng, M. (1991). "Designing for Cooperation - Cooperating in Design." Communications of the ACM 34 (12): 64-73.

Kyng, Morten (1994). "Collective resources meets puritanism." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (1): 85-96.

Kyng, M. (1995). Creating Contexts for Design. Scenario-Based Design. J. Carroll. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Kyng, Morten (1995). "Making representations work." Communications of the ACM 38 (9): 46-55.

Kyng, Morten and Lars Mathiassen, Eds. (1997). Computers and Design in Context. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Mackey, W.E. (1989). "Diversity in the Use of Electronic Mail: A preliminary inquiry." ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems 6 (4): 380-397.

Mambrey, Peter, Gloria Mark and Uta Pankoke-Babatz (1998). "User Advocacy in Participatory Design: Designers' Experiences with a New Communication Channel." Computer Supported Cooperative Work, The Journal of Collaborative Computing 7 (3-4): 291-313.

Mambrey, Peter, Reinhard Oppermann and August Tepper (1987). Experiences in Participative Systems Design. System design for human development and productivity: participation and beyond. P. et al Docherty. Amsterdam: North Holland: 345-358.

Mambrey, Peter, Reinhard Oppermann and August Tepper (1986). Computer und Partizipation.
Ergebnisse zu Handlungs- und Gestaltungspotentialen. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.

Mambrey, Peter and Barbara Schmidt-Belz (1983). Systems Designers And Users In A Participative Design Process - Some Fictions And Facts. System Design For With And By The Users. U. Briefs, C. Ciborra and L. Schneider. Amsterdam: North Holland: 411-416.

Mark, Gloria and Peter Mambrey (1997). Models and Metaphors in Groupware: Towards a Group-Centered Design. Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT '97 Sydney, Australia. Steve Howard, Judy Hammond and Gitte Lindgaard. London: Chapman & Hall: 477-484.

McPhail, Brenda, Terry Costantino, David Bruckmann, Ross Barclay and Andrew Clement (forthcoming). "CAVEAT Exemplar: Participatory design in a non-profit volunteer organisation." Computer Supported Cooperative Work .

Mogensen, Preben (1992). "Towards a Provotyping Approach in Systems Development." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 4 : 31-53.

Moore, C. Nicholas and Dave Davis (1997). Participation Tools for Better Land-Use Planning: Techniques & Case Studies, 2nd Edition. Sacramento, CA: The Center for Livable Communities.

Muller, Michael and Sarah Kuhn, Eds. (1993). Communications of the ACM Volume 36: Special Issue on Participatory Design. New York: ACM.

Muller, Michael J. (1993). PICTIVE: Democratizing the Dynamics of the Design Session. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. A. Namioka and D. Schuler. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Muller, M. J. (1996). "Defining And Designing The Internet - Participation By Internet Stakeholder Constituencies." Social Science Computer Review 14 (Spring): 30-33.

Muller, M.J., S. Kuhn and J.A. Meskill, Eds. (1992). PDC'92: Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference. PDC'92. Cambridge, MA: Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility.

Muller, M.J., J.G. Smith, H. Goldberg and J.Z. Shoher (1991). "Privacy, Anonymity, and Interpersonal Competition: Issues Identified during Participatory Design of Project Management Groupware." SIGCHI Bulletin 23 (1): 82-87.

Mumford, E. (1983). Designing Human Systems for New Technology (The ETICS Method). Mancester, England: Manchester Business School.

Mumford, Enid (1993). The participation of users in systems design: An account of the origin, evolution, and use of the ETHICS method. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 257-270.

Mumford, E. and D. Henshall (1979). A Participative Approach to Computer Systems Design. London: Associated Business Press.

Namioka, Aki and Douglas Schuler, Eds. (1990). PDC'90: Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference. Palo Alto, CA: Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility.

Nardi, B.A. and J.R. Miller (1990). The Spreadsheet Interface: A basis for end user programming. Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT'90. Amsterdam: Elsevier: 977-983.

Näslund, Torbjörn (1994). "Supporting design communication with explicit representation of evaluation feedback." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (2): 21-42.

Naur, Peter (1992). Programming as Theory Building. Computing: A Human Activity: ACM Press: 37-48.

Nielsen, Jørn Flohr and Niels Jørgen Relsted (1994). "A new agenda for user participation: Reconsidering the old Scandinavian prescription." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 6 (2): 3-20.

Noble, David F. (1984). Forces of Production: A Social History of Machine Tool Automation. New York: A. A. Knopf.

Noro, K. and A.S. Imada, Eds. (1991). Participatory Ergonomics. London: Taylor and Francis.

Nurminen, Markku I. (1988). People or computers: Three ways of looking at information systems. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.

Nurminen, Markku I., Pekka Reijonen and Antti Tuomisto (1994). Whose work is software? Human factors in organizational design and management - IV. G. E. Bradley and H. W. Hendrick. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V.: 381-386.

Nygaard, Kristen (1975). "Kunnskaps-strategi for fagbevegelsen (Knowledge strategy for trade unions)." Nordisk Forum 6 10 (2): 15-27.

Palshaugen, O. (1986). Method of Designing a Starting Conference. Oslo: Work Research Institute.

Pålshaugen, Øyvind (1988). A Norwegian programme of action research for participative democracy: The Work Research Institute.

Pape, Tom Chr. and Kari Thoresen (1992). "Evolutionary prototyping in a change perspective: A tale of three municipalities." Information Technology & People 6 (2-3): 145-170.

Post, Nadine M. (1993). "Smart Buildings Make Good $en$e." ENR 230 ((May 17)): 24-5.

Poulson, D.F., C.A. Johnson and J. Moulding (1987). The Use of Participative Exercises in Human Factors for Education and Design. Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT'87. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Reason, P. and J. Rowan, Eds. (1981). Human Inquiry: A Sourcebook of New Paradigm Research. Chichester, England: Wiley.

Sachs, Patricia (1995). "Transforming work: Collaboration, learning, and design." Communications of the ACM 38 (9): 36-44.

Sandberg, Åke (1976). The limits to democratic planning: Knowledge, power and methods in the struggle for the future. Stockholm: LiberForlag.

Sandberg, Åke, Ed. (1979). Computers dividing man and work: Recent Scandinavian research on planning and computers from a trade union perspective. Demos project report #13. Stockholm: Arbetslivscentrum.

Sandberg, Åke, Gunnar Broms, Arne Grip, Lars Sundström, Jesper Steen and Peter Ullmark (1992). Technological Change and Co-Determination in Sweden. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Sanoff, Henry (1978). Designing With Community Participation. New York: McGraw Hill.

Schon, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York: Basic Books.

Schuler, Douglas and Aki Namioka, Eds. (1993). Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Sclove, Richard E. (1995). Democracy and Technology. New York: Guilford Press.

Shapiro, Dan, Michael Tauber and Roland Traunmuller, Eds. (1996). The Design of Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Groupware Systems. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Star, S. L. and K. Ruhleder (1996). "Steps Toward an Ecology of Infrastructure: Design and Access for Large Information Spaces." Information Systems Research 7 (March): 111-134.

Stolterman, Erik (1995). "Information systems research and social responsibility." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 7 (1): 123-128.

Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Suchman, Lucy (1988). "Designing with the User: Review of "Computers and Democracy: A Scandinavian challenge"." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 6 (2): 173-183.

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